History of Education in India
History of Education in India
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Home Page > Education > History > History ofEducation in India
History of Education in India
Posted: Jul 17, 2010 |Comments: 0 |
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Up to the 17th century
The first millennium and the few centuries preceding it saw the flourishingof higher education at Nalanda, Takshila, Ujjain, & VikramshilaUniversities. Art, Architecture, Painting, Logic, Grammar, Philosophy,Astronomy, Literature, Buddhism, Hinduism, Arthashastra (Economics &Politics), Law, and Medicine were among the subjects taught and each universityspecialized in a particular field of study. Takshila specialized in the studyof medicine, while Ujjain laid emphasis on astronomy. Nalanda, being thebiggest centre, handled all branches of knowledge, and housed up to 10,000students at its peak.
Education under British Rule
British records show that indigenous education was widespread in the 18thcentury, with a school for every temple, mosque or village in most regions ofthe country. The subjects taught included Reading, Writing, Arithmetic,Theology, Law, Astronomy, Metaphysics, Ethics, Medical Science and Religion.The schools were attended by students representative of all classes ofsociety.
The current system of education, with its western style and content, wasintroduced & funded by the British in the 20th century, followingrecommendations by Macaulay. Traditional structures were not recognized by theBritish govt and have been on the decline since. Gandhi is said to havedescribed the traditional educational system as a beautiful tree that wasdestroyed during the British rule.
After Independence
After independence, education became the responsibility of the states. TheCentral Government’s only obligation was to co-ordinate in technical and highereducation and specify standards. This continued till 1976, when the educationbecame a joint responsibility of the state and the Centre.
After 1976
In 1976, education was made a joint responsibility of the states and theCentre, through a consititutional amendment. The center is represented byMinistry of Human Resource Development’s Deparment of Education and togetherwith the states, it is jointly responsible for the formulation of educationpolicy and planning.
NPE 1986 and revised PoA 1992 envisioned that free and compulsory educationshould be provided for all children up to 14 years of age before thecommencement of 21st century. Government of India made a commitment that by2000, 6% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) will be spent on education, out ofwhich half would be spent on the Primary education.
In November 1998, Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee announced setting upof Vidya Vahini Network to link up universities, UGC and CSIR.
Education in India – Recent Developments
The Indian Education System is generally marks-based. However, someexperiments have been made to do away with the marks-based system which haslead to cases of depression and suicides among students. In 2005, the Keralagovernment introduced a grades-based system in the hope that it will helpstudents to move away from the cut-throat competition and rote-learning andwill be able to focus on creative aspects and personality development aswell.
Development of education in India regards that free and compulsory educationshould be provided to all children up to fourteen years of age before thecommencement of 21st century. Moreover, the 86th Amendment of the Indianconstitution makes education a fundamental right for all children aged 6-14years. Education travelled a long way and thus Indian education systemintroduced certain advantageous system such as Online education InIndia. Online education is a system of education training which isdelivered primarily via the Internet to students at remote locations. TheOnline courses may not be delivered in a synchronous manner. Online educationenables the students to opt for many online degrees or online courses fromvarious online universities. Thus online education encompasses various degreesand courses. This course has various advantages, as pursuing an online coursecan be done simultaneously with one`s present occupation. Moreover, an onlinedegree assists in increasing the career prospects
Non-formal education in India has become part of theinternational discourse on education policy in the late 1960s and early 1970s.Non formal education refers to the learning process throughout life. Inaddition to that non-formal education is about acknowledging the importance ofeducation, learning and training which takes place outside recognizededucational institutions. There are four characteristics associated with nonformal education system. This system is a proof for the Development ofeducation in India as this system helps to focus on clearly definedpurposes
Indian education has different phases. Students are provided with extensivescope and courses to choose from. One enjoys the opportunity of selecting therequired field. The system of Distant Education in India isbecoming increasingly popular. The students choosing distance learning processare benefited with the modern pattern followed. The availability of distancelearning courses has assured that a person can pursue education from any stateor university accordingly. Development of education in India ensures that allIndian citizens will receive education in spite of financial constrains orunavailability of colleges and schools.
University Education
This massive system of higher education in India constitutes of 342universities (211 State, 18 Central, 95 deemed universities) 13 institutes ofnational importance, 17,000 colleges and 887 polytechnics. University GrantCommission (UGC), a national body, coordinates and looks after the maintenanceof standard of university education in India. The university education in Indiastarts with undergraduate courses. Depending upon the nature of course pursuedits duration may vary from three to five and a half years.
Medical Courses
This course at undergraduate level is known as MBBS (Bachelor of MedicineBachelor of Surgery). It is of four and a half year’s duration plus one year ofobligatory internship. Various medical colleges conduct entrance examinationfor admission to this course. An all India level examination is also conductedby CBSE for admission to colleges all over India based over 15% reserved seats.The important medical colleges of India are:
All India Institute of Medical Science (AIIMS), New Delhi Air Force MedicalCollege (AFMC), Pune Christian Medical College (CMC), Ludhiana ChristianMedical College (CMC), Vellore Grants Medical College, Mumbai Institute ofMedical Science (BHU), Varanasi Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate MedicalEducation and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry Maulan Azad Medical College(MAMC), Delhi Lady Harding Medical College (LHMC), Delhi (for girls only)Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Science , Wardha
Engineering CourseThe bachelor of Engineering (BE)or bachelor of Technology (B Tech) is a four-year course. It has wide range ofoptions. Some of them are:
Aeronautical and Aerospace engineering Agriculture engineering Computerengineering Electronic and electrical engineering Industrial engineering Marineengineering Mining engineering
The best engineering colleges of India are:
Delhi college of Engineering, Delhi Indian Institute of Technology, DelhiIndian Institute of Technology, KANPUR Indian Institute of Technology,Kharagpur Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai Indian Institute ofTechnology, Chennai Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee Institute ofTechnology, BHU NIT Karnataka, Surathkal National Institute of Technology,Warangal
Management Course In India education in management is oneof the most sort out courses. The institutes, which impart education inmanagement, are known as “Business Schools”. In India management education isgiven at two levels, undergraduate and post-graduate. Undergraduate degreecourses include BBA, BBS, BBM. Postgraduate degree course is known as MBA(Masters of Business Administration). Some of the important Business schools ofIndia are:
Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad Indian Institute of Management,Bangalore Indian Institute of Management, Kolkata Indian Institute ofManagement, Lucknow Indian Institute of Management, Indore Faculty ofManagement Studies, Delhi Indian Institute of Foreign Trade, Delhi Symbiosis,Pune JBIMS, Mumbai XLRI, Jamshedpur
The other professional courses offered by Indian universities include,Architecture, Dental, Fashion Designing, Travel and Tourism.
Some important facts about Indian education:
Ayurveda is the earliest school of medicine known to the world and ‘charaka’is known as the father of Ayurveda. He developed this system some 2500 yearsback. Takshila was the first university of world established in 700 B.C.Nalanda University, built in 4 AD, was considered to be the honor of ancientIndian system of education as it was one of the best Universities of its timein the subcontinent. Indian language Sanskrit is considered to be the mother ofmany modern languages of world. Place value system was developed in India in100 B.C. India was the country, which invented number system. Aryabhatta, theIndian scientist, invented digit zero. Trigonometry, algebra and calculusstudies were originated in India.
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Sathish Kumar
For detailed information about Education in India please visit our websitehttp://www.apsira.com, We at apsira.comdedicated to Indian education system; there you will getmore information about Institutes, Colleges, Courses and more.
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I wantto learn short term (distance education) herbal medicine courses for sexualproblems my qualification +2 passed(B.A.Discontinue). i am inchennai(India) Whatis the impact of new act which provide right for education by the Government ofIndia in context of poverty and lack of awarence in remort parts of thenation??
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